Sri Lanka is known as tear drop of Indian or Indian Ocean , when comparing to other islands in the world Sri Lanka comes in to one of the top five hotspots in the world for its biodiversity .Like many islands, Sri Lanka boasts a high number of endemic species, animals and plants found nowhere else on the Earth. According to the testament Sri Lanka is home for very limited number of disappearing rare sheer animal species from the world.
Sri Lanka is small island with its extend of 65000 sqkms but for nature lovers this would be one of the marvelous destinations in the Asia to see wildlife. From the time of your arrival you can sight animal or beautiful birds effortlessly around you, to mention few creatures that you can freely see are chameleons, iguanas, water monitors, mongooses, butterflies, monkeys and many birds. Start your journey to explore amazing wildlife in Sri Lanka which teems with from great herds of trumpeting Asian elephants to elusive leopards and strange looking sloth bears, the country’s national parks are home to all manner of amazing creatures. Here’s a guide to what you can expect to see during your visit.
Elephants
Species: Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus maximus)
Ecological Role:
As mega-herbivores, elephants are essential for seed dispersal, shaping forest and grassland ecosystems. They travel in matriarchal herds and are highly intelligent, demonstrating remarkable memory and social bonds.
Cultural Connection:
Elephants hold a sacred place in Sri Lankan culture. They feature prominently in Buddhist ceremonies, especially the annual Esala Perahera in Kandy, where temple elephants in regal attire parade alongside devotees.
Viewing Tips:
- Avoid Feeding Wild Elephants: It disrupts natural behaviors.
- Respect Their Space: Use binoculars for close-up observations.
- Visit Early Morning or Late Afternoon: Best activity times.
Leopards
Species: Sri Lankan Leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya)
Ecological Role:
Leopards control prey populations, maintaining a balanced ecosystem. Their adaptability to different terrains from forests to grasslands makes them apex predators across habitats.
Cultural Connection:
Revered for their stealth and strength, leopards symbolize power in ancient Sri Lankan folklore and art. They are also a reminder of the delicate balance between conservation and human-wildlife coexistence.
Viewing Tips:
- Hire an Experienced Guide: They know leopard behavior and the best viewing spots.
- Silent Observation: Noise may deter sightings.
Sloth Bears
Species: Sri Lankan Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus inornatus)
Ecological Role:
Sloth bears help regulate insect populations, particularly ants and termites. They also disperse seeds from fruits they consume, aiding forest regeneration.
Unique Behaviors:
- Sloth bears often climb trees to forage.
- They have an unusual vocalization a loud sucking sound when feeding on insects.
Viewing Tips:
- Go During the Palu Season (May-July): Bears are most active.
- Look for Tracks: Their large claw marks on trees or the ground indicate recent activity.
Red Slender Loris
Species: Red Slender Loris (Loris tardigradus)
Ecological Role:
This arboreal primate feeds on insects, small vertebrates, and fruits, playing a role in pest control and pollination.
Conservation Status:
Critically endangered due to habitat destruction, these creatures are protected under strict conservation laws.
Viewing Tips:
- Join a Night Safari: Guides use red-filtered lights to locate them without disrupting their natural behavior.
- Silent Movement: Loris are extremely shy and sensitive to disturbances.
Porcupines
Species: Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica)
Ecological Role:
Porcupines aerate the soil while foraging, enhancing its fertility. Their quills serve as natural defenses, and abandoned burrows provide habitats for other animals.
Cultural Connection:
Quills are sometimes used in traditional Sri Lankan crafts and art.
Viewing Tips:
- Spot Them at Dusk or Dawn: Porcupines are crepuscular.
- Look Near Caves or Rocky Terrains: Ideal habitats.
Pangolins
Species: Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata)
Ecological Role:
These insectivores regulate ant and termite populations. Their digging also improves soil aeration.
Conservation Threats:
Highly poached for their scales and meat, pangolins are globally endangered. Sri Lanka has made significant efforts to protect them through awareness and law enforcement.
Viewing Tips:
- Search in Quiet Forested Areas: They are highly elusive.
- Best Seen After Rain: Insects, their primary food, become more active.
Sea Turtles
Species: Leatherback, Olive Ridley, Loggerhead, Hawksbill, Green Turtle.
Ecological Role:
Turtles maintain healthy seagrass beds and coral reefs. Their eggs contribute nutrients to beach ecosystems, supporting plant growth.
Conservation Efforts:
- Hatcheries across Sri Lanka rescue eggs from poachers and predators, ensuring the young turtles’ survival.
- Community based eco-tourism provides an alternative income source to locals while raising awareness.
Viewing Tips:
- Join Guided Tours: Ensures minimal disturbance during nesting.
- Avoid Flash Photography: It disorients turtles.
Blue Whales
Species: Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus)
Ecological Role:
Blue whales help maintain marine ecosystems by recycling nutrients through their feeding and defecation cycles.
Viewing Tips:
- Use Reputable Whale-Watching Operators: Ensure responsible practices.
- Early Morning Cruises: Calm seas increase chances of sightings.
- Respect Distance: Avoid close approaches that stress the animals.
Birds
Overview:
Sri Lanka’s 505 bird species include vibrant kingfishers, majestic eagles, and melodious bulbuls. Its position along migratory routes makes it a haven for wintering birds.
Cultural Connection:
Bird motifs are found in ancient Sri Lankan art and Buddhist manuscripts, reflecting their spiritual significance.
Viewing Tips:
- Visit at Dawn: Birds are most active during the early morning.
- Carry a Guidebook and Binoculars: Spot and identify species effectively.
General Wildlife Tips
- Travel with Responsible Operators: Ensure ethical wildlife practices.
- Wear Earth-Toned Clothing: Blends with the environment.
- Avoid Feeding Wildlife: It harms their natural behavior and diet.
- Practice Patience: Wildlife sightings often require quiet, extended observation.
